Understanding References to Pagan Gods in the Psalms: A Spiritual Perspective
Interpreting Biblical Texts considering Genesis 6:1-4
In the rich tapestry of biblical literature, the Psalms stand out as a profound collection of hymns, prayers, and meditations on the divine. These texts often reference pagan gods, and their interpretation has long been a theological debate. Traditionally, many commentators have degraded these references to mere humans, which can obscure the more profound spiritual implications of the God of Israel’s revelation.
At first glance, the psalm is quite shocking—essentially portraying a courtroom scene in heaven where God delivers a death sentence to rebellious Elohim!
A Shift in Understanding
For years, I was among those who believed that God referred to humans as “gods,” based on various commentaries and interpretations I had read. This perspective seemed to align with the notion that humans, created in the image of God, could be seen as divine representatives on Earth. However, my understanding has since evolved, particularly as I have sought to grasp the spiritual implications of passages in both the Old and New Testaments that were once difficult to comprehend.
The Influence of Genesis 6:1-4
One passage that has significantly influenced my shift in understanding is Genesis 6:1-4. In this text, God reveals to Moses those spiritual beings, often called “sons of God,” were disrupting His natural order by intermingling with human beings. This act of defiance against God’s purposes underscores the existence and influence of spiritual entities beyond the human realm.
Spiritual Beings and the Natural Order
The narrative in Genesis 6:1-4 highlights the presence of spiritual beings who operate independently of human actions. These beings, described as rebellious and disruptive, challenge God’s intended order for creation. This revelation suggests that references to “gods” in the Psalms may indeed pertain to these spiritual entities rather than merely human beings.
Reevaluating the Psalms
With this new understanding? I have begun to reevaluate the Psalms, interpreting references to gods within the context of spiritual warfare and divine hierarchy. For example, in Psalm 82, where God stands in the sacred assembly among the gods and passes judgment, the text takes on a new dimension when viewed through the lens of Genesis 6. Rather than seeing these gods as metaphorical representations of human judges or rulers, it becomes apparent that they are spiritual beings subject to God’s authority.
In the New American Bible Revised Edition and NRSV Updated Edition, we read the following commentary:
From the NAB and NRSV: Psalm 82 As in Ps 58, the pagan gods are seen as subordinate divine beings to whom Israel’s God had initially delegated oversight of the foreign countries (Dt 32:8–9). Now God arises in the heavenly assembly (Ps 82:1) to rebuke the unjust “gods” (Ps 82:2–4), who are stripped of divine status and reduced in rank to mortals (Ps 82:5–7). They are accused of misruling the Earth by not upholding people with low incomes. A short prayer for universal justice concludes the Psalm (Ps 82:8).
82:5 The gods are blind and unable to declare what is right. Their misrule shakes the foundations of the Earth (cf. Psalms 11:3 and 75:4), which God made firm in creation (Psalms 96:10).
82:6 I declare, “gods though you be.” In John 10:34, Jesus uses this verse to prove that those to whom the word of God is addressed can fittingly be called “gods.”
82:8 Judge the Earth: According to Dt 32:8–9, Israel’s God initially assigned jurisdiction over the foreign nations to the subordinate deities, keeping Israel as a personal possession. Now, God will directly take over the rulership of the whole world.
Several commentaries equate Psalm 82 with Romans 13 since God appoints all authority. Review Enduring Word Commentary.
The Implications for Faith and Understanding
This shift in interpretation has profound implications for our faith and understanding of scripture. Recognizing spiritual beings’ existence and influence helps frame the cosmic battle between good and evil that permeates the biblical narrative. It also enriches our comprehension of God’s sovereignty and the complexity of His creation.
Conclusion
As I continue to explore the spiritual implications of the Bible, the insights gained from Genesis 6:1-4, Numbers 13, and Enoch’s book concerning the watchers have proven invaluable. By acknowledging the role of spiritual beings in the divine order, we can appreciate the depth and richness of the Psalms and other biblical texts. This perspective enhances our theological understanding and deepens our relationship with the God of Israel, whose revelation continues to guide and inspire us.
Recommended Books:
- Reversing Hermon by Dr. Michael S. Heiser
- The Unseen Realm by Dr. Michael S. Heiser
- Supernatural by Dr. Michael S. Heiser
- I Dare You Not to Bore Me with the Bible by Dr. Michael S. Heiser
- The Gate of Hell by Gilbert & Gilbert
- The Genesis Conspiracy by Gary Wane
God Bless You and keep you safe.
Mike Kovach, 18 January 2025
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